一种获得转基因芥菜的简便方法

随着转基因技术的不断革新,更简便高效的转基因方法逐渐发展起来.通过对花序浸染法的探索和改进,采取用移液枪点滴重悬液的方式转化芥菜(雪里蕻,Brassica juncea var.crispifolia)花蕾,最终获得了转基因芥菜.同时通过对影响转化效率的蔗糖浓度、表面活性剂浓度、菌液OD600值等进行研究,发现用5%的蔗糖(W/V)+0.03%的Silwet-77(V/V)重悬农杆菌,使重悬液的菌液浓度OD600为0.8时,可以获得较高的转化效率,转化率为2.3%.该方法避免了真空操作及浸染时间的影响,使得操作更加简便,且转化周期更短,为芥菜的遗传转化提供了一种更为简便的转化方法.     

Chromosome Numbers of Brassiceae (Cruciferae) in China

Reported in this paper are chromosome numbers of 41 species and varieties of Brassiceae in China, belonging to 5 genera. The chromosome numbers of 15 Species and varieties are first reported and some problems concerning chromosome numbers of Brassiceae are also discussed.     

Transport and Partitioning of Lead in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Lead (Pb) contamination in soils is a serious concern because it can be taken up by crops and then transferred through the food chain, posing a potential risk to human health. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) are important crop species known to accumulate heavy metals in their tissues. This study aimed at understanding the transport and accumulation of Pb in these two species and the risk associated with consumption of these foods, which would help us in mitigating accumulation of Pb in edible tissues. The plants were grown at different Pb concentrations for the entire life cycle, and the partitioning of the metal to different tissues was examined. The results showed that plant species differ widely in their ability to transport and accumulate Pb in different tissues. In B. juncea, there was significant accumulation of Pb in both siliques and seeds, whereas most of the Pb in wheat was concentrated in the vegetative tissues and less to the flag leaf and reproductive tissues. In both species, although seed Pb concentrations exceeded acceptable limits, dietary intake did not exceed acceptable limits in most treatments, indicating that more studies on Pb transport and redistribution in crop species is necessary.     

Chlorophyllase and peroxidase activity during degreening of maturing canola (Brassica napus) and mustard (Brassica juncea) seed

Chlorophyllase and peroxidase activities were measured in relation to seed maturation and degreening in canola ( Brassica napus cvs Westar and Alto) and mustard ( Brassica juncea cvs Cutlass and Lethbridge 22A). Samples of seed collected at the same moisture content were pooled, then divided and used for each assay. During maturation the green pigment (chlorophyll and related pigments) content of canola seed decreased linearly and was lower than that measured in mustard at all moisture contents studied, except for the highest and lowest moisture contents. Chlorophyllides and pheophorbides were detected in canola and were essentially absent in mustard. This difference in accumulation of dephytylated pigments infers differences in the pigment degradation pathways in Brassica species. Interspecific differences in the enzymology of degreening were found. Green pigment degradation was associated with increased chlorophyllase activity and low peroxidase activity in canola and low Chlorophyllase and high perosidase activity in mustard. The possible role of ethylene in seed degreening is discussed.     

Effect of nitrogen on carbonic anhydrase activity, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and yield of mustard

Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cv. Rohini was grown under three levels of urea nitrogen fertilization [0, 2, and 4 g(N) pot^-1]. Carbonic anhydrase activity and net photosynthetic rate in leaves of 50 d-old plants as well as yield attributes at harvest increased with increasing levels of nitrogen. Stomatal conductance was not affected, and oil content decreased. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Pin gene families encoding components of auxin efflux carriers in Brassica juncea

Based on the sequence information of Arabidopsis PIN1, two cDNAs encoding PIN homologues fromBrassica juncea, Bjpin2 and Bjpin3, were isolated through cDNA library screening. Bjpin2 and Bjpin3encoded proteins containing 640 and 635 amino acid residues, respectively, which shared 97.5% identities witheach other and were highly homologous to Arabidopsis PIN1, PIN2 and other putative PIN proteins. BjPIN2and BjPIN3 had similar structures as AtPIN proteins. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin2 wasexpressed in stem, leaf and floral tissues, while Bjpin3 was expressed predominantly in stem and hypocotyls.Two promoter fragments of pin genes, Bjpin-X and Bjpin-Z, were isolated by ‘genome walking‘ techniqueusing primers at 5‘-end of pin cDNA. Promoter-gus fusion studies revealed the GUS activities driven byBjpin-X were at internal side of xylem and petal; while those driven by Bjpin-Z were detected at leaf vein,epidermal cell and cortex of stem, vascular tissues and anther. Results of the pin genes with differentexpression patterns in B. juncea suggested the presence of a gene family.     

华山新麦草开花物候期观测和自然种群基因流的间接估测

华山新麦草（Psathyrostachys huashanica keng)为我国特有种,仅分布在陕西华山。通过对自然种群传粉物候期观测发现,华山新麦草的传粉高峰期与海拔有一定关系。海拔每升高200m,传粉物候期就推迟2－3d;海拔差异超过500m的亚种群,传粉物候期就不会出现重叠。同时应用等位酶分析技术和E－统计分析间接估测华山新麦草自然种群的基因流（Nm）,其值较一般风媒传粉植物低。通过华山新麦草资源状况、生长环境的调查以及移栽试验的观察,认为该物种稀的主要原因之一 可能是其生存竞争能力弱,最终被迫生长在其它物种所不能生存的环境。     

铜污染旱地红壤的络合诱导植物修复作用

研究EDTA和低分子量有机酸对污染旱地红壤Cu形态变化及金属忍耐－富集型植物印度芥菜生长和Cu吸收的影响,以探讨Cu污染土壤的有机络合诱导植物吸取修复作用,结果表明,在芥菜营养生长旺盛期施用EDTA可显著提高土壤Cu的活性,土壤水浸提态Cu和交换态Cu均显著上升;这种活化效应随外加Cu浓度的上升和EDTA用量的增加而增大;柠檬酸和酸对土壤Cu的活化效应小,只对水浸提态Cu略有影响;EDTA可显著增加芥菜茎叶、根的Cu浓度和吸收量,等摩尔量柠檬酸和苹果酸对土壤铜形态变化和芥菜Cu吸收没有显著作用。     

浙江榨菜病毒病病原鉴定

从浙江桐乡和海宁的花叶或叶片皱缩、植株矮化的榨菜(Brassica juncea Coss)上分离毒源,摩擦接种5种鉴别寄主,在鉴别寄主上都出现不同症状;间接酶联免疫吸附法(In-direct ELISA)检测,芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)的检出率为87.5％,黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)为73.08％,两者复合侵染率为65.38％,所有的样本都没有检测到烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)